LED industry chain can be divided into five parts

LED industry chain can be divided into five parts. First, the raw materials. Second, LED upstream industry, including epitaxial materials and chips. Third, LED midstream industry, including a variety of LED devices and packaging. Four, LED downstream industries, including various LED application products industry. Fifth, test equipment and production equipment.

About LED upstream, midstream and downstream industries, as detailed below will be highlighted here and test equipment and industrial raw materials production equipment industry.

LED light-emitting materials and devices, including raw materials, single crystal gallium arsenide substrate materials, such as aluminum nitride single crystal. Most of them are III-V compound semiconductor single crystal, production process is relatively mature, there are signs on the use of polished delivery. High-purity gallium metal other raw materials as well, high-purity metal-organic sources such as trimethyl gallium, triethyl gallium, trimethyl smoke, trimethyl aluminum, high-purity ammonia gas, nitrogen and hydrogen and so on. The purity of raw materials in general have more than 6N. Packaging materials are epoxy, ABS, PC, PPD, etc.

Epitaxial materials testing instruments are double-crystal x-ray diffraction, fluorescence spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometer channel and so on. Chip, the device test instruments are LED photoelectric characteristics tester, spectrum analyzer, the main test parameters for the forward and reverse voltage, current characteristics, the normal light intensity, angular distribution of light intensity, luminous flux, peak wavelength, dominant wavelength, color cursor , color rendering index. MOCVD equipment production facilities there, liquid phase epitaxy furnace, coating machines, lithography, dicing machine, automatic solid crystal, gold wire bonder, Si-Al-wire ultrasonic pressure welding, gluing machine, a vacuum oven chip counter, chip detector, inverted membrane machine, light color electric automatic sorting machines. More led products visit: www.bgocled.com

How to choose the right led lights

Modern lighting has become a light culture, in the field of LED lighting to provide consumers with high-quality lighting products will also provide total lighting solutions for first place, has become a trend. Therefore, the selected lamps should focus on the macro choose a reputable manufacturer, brand a good product.You can pass some specific parameters to determine the merits of LED lighting products:First: beautiful. To LED lighting, for example, the current common LED spotlights are based on multiple points of light, and its very different appearance and traditional lighting, installed in high places is very coordinated, and very into the second generation of LED lighting has an international patent Focus Reflection optical system not only has the same appearance with the traditional lighting of reflective glass and has a glare of light concentration and the desired effect;Second: the color temperature (color) must be consistent, but also to stable, long-point temperature will not change color. Traditional halogen spotlights the color temperature is 2700K, LED products now have some role in the market for some time very easy to change color, and color temperature deviation is very powerful.Third: The color rendering index CRI (Ra) will directly determine whether truly reflect the real color. The sun and the traditional halogen spotlights color rendering index CRI (Ra) is 100, national standard LED lamps CRI (Ra) ≥ 80, now, LED lighting industry, CRI (Ra) basically reached 75. Some of the better manufacturers, color rendering index CRI (Ra) can reach 85 or more. If it is used in some of the more high-end establishments such as hotels, high-end stores such as lighting, color rendering index certainly is very high, as much as possible with the traditional incandescent close, so shine on physical objects can be accurately display the original color;Fourth: the life. Now the state to use lumen maintenance after 25,000 hours in more than 70%;Fifth: the angle of light is better, can not produce glare, such as 20 ° angle, light shines down inside this range should be. In the light irradiation angle is outside can not see a strong light;Sixth: It should be selected according to different application environments with different styles of lamps, in order to achieve the interior architectural design and lighting design of effective integration.Designers and owners want to choose the LED lights not only look exquisite, but have natural light and comfortable, nice effect, taking into account possible cost savings. To fully meet the needs of customers, responsible and innovative companies in product design, focusing on the development and design of the whole lamp, working lamp with the perfect combination of light, the light will create a high quality environment as the company's mission. Pole to invite international professional industrial designers, into the modern new design concept, the new variety of LED lights, the appearance of simple and stylish, comfortable and elegant sense of light, leading the LED lighting market trends. I believe in the future, fashionable, unique, high efficiency and other higher-tech LED lighting products will be popular, not only for interior designers to bring more inspiration, the general public will also be brought for each health environmentally friendly lifestyle. More led products visit: www.bgocled.com

LED lighting marketing strategy

LED products industry chain in China, more is applied. Unfortunately: inside the LED industry, understand technology do not understand the design, manufacture do not know understand the design, manufacturing know do not know marketing. As a chain of intermediate chain, if not integration of technology, design, manufacturing, marketing, basic LED lighting can not win this competition.

For the channel in terms of investment, we must study the channel's core interests and the common core interests and differences. Currently, LED lighting companies must join forces upstream chip manufacturers improving information and education, integrating itself into the lighting industry, the joint strength of the distributors, and lighting design through decorative design, the product sold.
With the traditional lighting products marketing is different, LED lighting, marketing, end-users more of a government agency. Therefore, relationship marketing as a core marketing concept inevitably affect the LED lighting industry.
However, even if the relationship marketing strategy, but also tactics. Channel access must be improved before it can play a role. So, how to build a model of marketing of LED lighting, LED lighting products to complete the channel investment, is the most critical. This allows us to return to the origin of the Chinese-style marketing: channels for the king.
First, the domestic LED lighting business opportunities
1 domestic LED lighting industry still does not appear true market leader in enterprise, but the industry is capital-and technology-intensive industries.
2. LED lighting in the ascendant, with more reference patterns and greater integration platform; state, "Ten thousand ten cities" project of LED policy support opportunities, "Rail-based" large-scale construction of public facilities and areas of GEM release policy-oriented operations such as capital, highlighting the opportunity to guide national policy.
3 in the national industrial policy guidance support, product innovation, channel innovation, and so there is space in the industry can operate.
4 to bring financial strength and R & D advantage, before making any decisions, you can achieve a more efficient and more cost-effective channel investment and engineering sales channels, and thus the channel in the industry accounted for an edge in battle plunder.
5. LED lighting market is huge and bright prospects, with less overall competitive strength of the brand, many second and third line of LED lighting companies generally remained at a low level of price competition stage, the lack of awareness of the system and methods of marketing, the domestic market has not yet formed the powerful leadership of brand
6 large-scale professional manufacturing advantages, can be more cost-organization supply chain; marketing system more efficient adjustment can change channels to expand investment and enhance market front-line execution!
7 industry, enterprises need to break through the existing in-house marketing and management concepts, dare to meet market challenges, rather than passive loss of market opportunities.
Second, the threat of domestic LED lighting business
1. LED lighting revolution, the rise of industry marketing, brand integration, faster, stronger competitors involved in engineering, roads, outdoor lighting market.
(2) industry, increased competition for talent and the stability of personnel involved in the project.
3 edge channel distributors and increased competition for resources in the construction work.
4 capital, technology, competition and channel three resources more complex configuration changes.
5 companies in the industry, marketing and brand building lagging degree of attention, if not in the short period of time quickly to seize market resources, then it may be to block competitors in the bud stage.
6 good program must have a good marketing plan can execute. Sales Executive is the most important. Can perform unified marketing program and is the key to success.
7 This is a war of aggression.
Third, the domestic LED lighting business direction of the core problems and solutions
1, the brand positioning (product positioning, market positioning)
2, the marketing team and marketing system of construction projects (recruitment, training, management, evaluation)
3, large customer projects direct
4, the supply chain to create and market high-quality investment channels are classified
5, brand building and media, the show spread
Fourth, the domestic LED lighting company's marketing strategy
(A), product strategy
1 to focus on manufacturing R & D and quality control system, quality management, professional project managers to attract new talent to strengthen professional supply, especially for projects supporting the purchase and sale of products to add.
(2) LED lighting market segments, combined with practical lighting applications, design products (emphasis consider LED lighting products, chips, light, heat, power supply four core issues)
(B), pricing strategy
1 market-oriented pricing, combined with cost and channel profits into account.
(2) an appropriate increase in the relative levels of competitors, profit margins in order to improve the primary dealers to push the initiative.
3 to implement a unified national system of professional products area and wholesale agents, removal of price dark button, guided the development of engineering and sales price, limited to high-low limits.
4 with the implementation of regional projects within the system offer price protection policy, to avoid internal bargain with each other.
(C), channel strategy (marketing and engineering)
1 up sales "engineer" business team, to expand sales channels for product counterparts.
2 sub-distribution channels:
a) Construction, Development Zone, urban construction investment company, municipal engineering, procurement, street management and so on.
b) Major landscape lighting company, lighting design companies.
c) qualified construction units at all levels of road lighting, office and other local energy-saving lighting association.
d) Local energy-efficient lighting business, street light pole production enterprises.
e) production of solar, wind power and other related products manufacturers.
3 focus on financial incentives and control, phased implementation of channel marketing activities, pay attention to the control channel inventory.
4 medium-sized projects to enhance product sales promotion.
(D), publicity and promotion strategies
1 series of "one" terminal professional promotion-based, innovative revolutionized the industry in order to channel investment as the most important means of promotion.
2 professional series lighting to highlight the flagship product display terminal lighting scenarios;
3 highlights the combination of the marketing policy of the dealer propaganda "risk-free business and grow the brand and corporate interests to ensure stability";
4 a more complete professional portfolio management for the rival channel brand publicity point of interest;
5 to the system of market operations, markets and services a model of successful promotional goals for the future Zhanjiang power channels to inspire confidence;
6 to pull the terminal stage of the sales promotional activities activate popularity;
7 in order to differentiate competitors selling products beginning with the power to enhance the professional image of Zhanjiang.
8 trying to do a few more influential model for large-scale national project to expand the performance of professional lighting propaganda point. More led products visit: www.bgocled.com

LIGHT

Burst counterparts have LED lighting, LED lighting industry, the recent emergence of a very serious problem than the price, and even threaten the survival of many enterprises. Faced with this fact, gods are helpless. Then the LED lighting phenomenon than the price the main reason for that?
Shenzhen led business owners owe on foot has become a reality, the closure of LED manufacturers in Shenzhen has reached more than 80, and recently burst Foshan LED business owners on foot, whether on foot to the boss one after another like that?
LED industry, said:
LED industry faces three major difficulties: barriers to entry is low, people will not buy the high price, the export exchange rate pressure is the main reason for LED companies die quickly.
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission released the road map out of incandescent lamps, made ​​from October 1, 2012 onwards, according to the power of the size of a phased ban on the import and sale of common incandescent lighting. This may give the LED industry to new opportunities, perhaps to say that the speculation about whether the spring when the LED industry will come?
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Choose the size of the power LED lighting solutions are simply more

"Each topology has its advantages and disadvantages, of which the standard buck converter is the simplest and easiest to implement the program, boost and buck - boost converter followed by the SEPIC converter the most difficult to achieve, because it uses a sophisticated magnetic design principles, but also the designer has a superb switch-mode power supply design expertise. "
 
All in all, the end product of the application determine the topology of LED, LED and then according to the topology and the input power and then a reasonable choice of Buck, Boost, SEPIC, or Buck-Boost structure. "In general, 25W the following selection of Buck's more. More power tend to choose Boost structure efficiency, then the two can generally be more than 85%, LT3755 can be as high as 97% efficiency. Consider driving part BOM cost should be considered when the overall system cost. "Rui Xu package says," As competition intensifies, there will be always lower BOM cost of the program, but not necessarily the most appropriate and we do not recommend the product in accordance with the standard design . PCB area is mainly affected by the main components of the control, low-power LED lights maximize the use of highly integrated solutions. high-power highly integrated program to use technology products and simple external circuit. are discussed here refer to DC-DC the solution. "

Liang also pointed out right after: "In order to achieve high efficiency requirements, should consider a switch mode LED driver, most of these customers prefer the step-down LED drivers, because the total efficiency is higher if the lowest BOM cost from the point of view, switch type LED converter not the cheapest. Such customers may try to use a linear constant current LED driver, which can provide the lowest BOM cost, but may not be as efficient switch mode LED driver as high as from the smallest PCB board area of ​​the point of view, usually use switch-mode converters, because they produce less heat, and even the volume-related components will also be smaller. "
Analog, PWM, and TRIAC dimmer program

LED dimming solutions and standards are constantly changing, until now, has not yet fixed, so now there on the market PWM, analog, and SCR (TRAIC) three kinds of dimming solutions. PWM and analog method is the more simple, but need to build new infrastructure and dimming dimming controller.

Analog dimming scheme drawback is, LED current adjustment range limited to a maximum value to the maximum value of about 10% (10:1 dimming range). As the LED current chromatography and related, so this method is not suitable for some applications.

PWM dimming scheme is based on a visual fast enough to cover up the flashing rate (usually higher than 100MHz) and the zero-current switching between maximum LED current. The duty cycle changes the effective average current, which can achieve up to 3000:1 dimming range (limited only by the minimum duty cycle). Since the maximum LED current is either in, or is turned off, so this method also has to avoid changes in the current advantages of LED color cast, and in the analog dimming LED color cast when this phenomenon is very common.

SangCheol Her program is optimistic about the TRIAC dimming prospects for the market, he said: "thyristor (TRIAC, 2-wire dimming) will become a very popular solution, because this technology can fully use the traditional system without any change . Moreover, it can be extended to 3-wire dimming, to avoid the low power factor values ​​associated with the defect. "

TRIAC dimming the industry today is a very hot topic, initially, TRIAC dimmers designed for incandescent lamps, but most users want the same TRIAC dimmer can replace the LED lamps on dimming. Liang said right after: "Diodes Zetex now provide customers with full dimming solutions (including PWM, analog, and TRIAC). For example, ZXLD1362 LED drives use an ADJ pin to analog and PWM dimming, which offers customers a great deal of design flexibility. "

However, Zheng were before that, the market TRIAC dimmer applications should only be transitional in nature, in the long run, you should use PWM dimming. He said: "The main determinant of the three: 1) use PWM dimming from zero to the most light, there will not be flickering 2) performance will be better because the dimming output power with a power factor correction circuit This is in line with the global use of the light power factor requirements are mandatory, although generally from 25 W started this requirement, but requires light from the United States has to be mandatory since the zero-watt power factor correction circuit, such as dimming the expense of using TRAIC power factor and increase the complexity of the circuit, therefore, the use of PWM dimming option provides the best performance, but also the future trend. 3) the cost would be better. adjustment by PWM duty cycle, not much extra control circuit cost. "

Alexander Sommer PWM dimming options are also optimistic about the prospects, he said: "Compared with analog dimming, LED PWM dimming method has the following advantages: 1) efficient; 2) regardless of how much dimming level, allowing the LED to remain in the optimization and constant current getting off work groups; 3) in the whole range LED dimming consistent color hue (color tone as the same lumen output LED current with changes). "

Rui Xu package frankly said: "Personally think that the choice of modulation should not determine the power of the LED, while the end product should be determined by application requirements, such as display backlight or LED decorative lights may choose to use the PWM dimming , color, consistency, and high brightness levels, but for general household lighting or commercial lighting, analog TRIAC dimming or you can choose, but will have a color cast, and the dimming level will be low. "

After the beam power, said: "In order to achieve continuous dimming without flicker, most customers prefer PWM dimming, because it offers greater dimming range and better linearity. Depends on what you are using the dimmer frequency, flicker can be minimized. Analog dimming is easier to achieve because it requires a DC voltage can be flicker-free dimming of the LED, but generally speaking, narrower dimming range. "

For constituted by a number of high-power LED lighting applications, ensuring uniform brightness of each LED has a flashing without any design has become a major obstacle, but the PWM dimming method is very easy to solve when the flicker problem. "If the duty cycle of the PWM modulator can be kept constant, there should not have a light handy uneven brightness problems." Wu Zhimin said, "The United States National Semiconductor's LED driver output current is not only to ensure uniform size, but also to ensure very high contrast screen brightness from to these terms, we drive the LED on the same level than the market superior products better. "

Tony Armstrong said, in short, the end user dimming method used by the LED itself is largely determined end use. For example, in the LED display is used to provide backlighting automotive infotainment systems, changes in ambient lighting brightness range is very wide, both very bright and sunny when, but also on whether the dark night, can be described as different. Because the human eye for slight changes in ambient lighting conditions are extremely sensitive, requiring a wide dimming range of 3000:1. This will require the use of LED driver circuit PWM dimming method.

However, he added: "In the LED lights, because this light is often either in the connected state or in the off state, thus only a limited dimming range can be in this situation, the only use of a kinds of simple analog dimming method can meet the requirements. "

As mentioned earlier, less than 25W of LED lighting applications mainly replace standard incandescent and halogen lamps. In this power range, the most likely application is to replace the one based on TRIAC (TRIAC) is gradually reduced into the wall dimmer control of incandescent or energy-saving lamps. There are currently on the market leading and trailing edges cut dimmer, which challenges the overall compatibility, because the perspective of EMI TRIAC dimming is poor.

"For the best price for non-dimming applications, use TDA4863G such as Infineon's single-stage PFC DCM PFC flyback topology is an appropriate choice." Alexander Sommer think, "25W power range and above the surface of LED lighting applications to the more professional market. dimming control method will depend on the choice of alternative or new it is mounting. digital lighting control (such as DALI or wireless solution) to allow a more precise level of dimming control, and more features such as solar light duty lower induction. alternative installation may require compatibility with older analog 1-10V dimming control. "


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